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Structured Review

Croda International Plc lipids dphpc
A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% <t>cholesterol</t> (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.
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Images

1) Product Images from "PKD2 structural destabilization drives primary cilia degeneration and ADPKD pathogenicity"

Article Title: PKD2 structural destabilization drives primary cilia degeneration and ADPKD pathogenicity

Journal: bioRxiv

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.24.734313

A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% cholesterol (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.
Figure Legend Snippet: A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% cholesterol (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.

Techniques Used: Expressing, Membrane

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Article Snippet: Nanopore experiments on DNApeptide conjugate molecules were performed as described in previous studies.15,26 DPhPC lipids were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (SKU: 850356C).



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Croda International Plc lipids dphpc
A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% <t>cholesterol</t> (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.
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A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% <t>cholesterol</t> (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.
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A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% <t>cholesterol</t> (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.
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A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% <t>cholesterol</t> (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.
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A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% <t>cholesterol</t> (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.
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A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% <t>cholesterol</t> (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.
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Image Search Results


A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% cholesterol (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: PKD2 structural destabilization drives primary cilia degeneration and ADPKD pathogenicity

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.24.734313

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ) Left , image of a voltage clamped primary cilia in the on-cilia configuration. The primary cilium of HEK (PKD1 Null :PKD2 Null ) cells transiently expressing PKD2 channels are illuminated by ARL13B-GFP under 475 nm laser excitation. Right , example single channel recordings from the cilia membrane activated by depolarizing voltage steps. Note, no open channel events were observed in cilia patch recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. B ) Left , example polycystin unitary single channel events recorded from cilia membranes. Right , corresponding histograms indicating the frequency of a variable simultaneous open channel events (O 1 -O 3 ) and closure (C). Note, no channel openings are detected from cilia recordings from cells expressing D511V channels. C ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from cilia patches. Number of events are indicated in parenthesis. D ) Image of a voltage clamped giant unilaminear vesicals (GUVs) reconstituted with cell free expressed PKD2-GFP protein. E ) Top , example WT PKD2-GFP unitary single channel events recorded (HP = 40mV) from GUVs composed of either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DPhPC) or 95% DPhPC and 5% cholesterol (Bovine). Bottom , lack of single channel events from D511V channels reconstituted in GUVs. F ) Column plots indicating the frequency of the maximum simultaneous open channel events from GUVs patches. Number of recordings indicated above for each column.

Article Snippet: Lipids DPhPC (95%) and cholesterol (bovine, 5%) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, USA) and mixed in chloroform, where vacuum evaporation on glass formed small unilaminar vesicles (SUVs), rehydrated and passed through a 100-nm polycarbonate filter with a Mini-Extruder (Avanti Polar Lipids).

Techniques: Expressing, Membrane